{ "generated_at": "2026-10-23T21:53:03-0400", "count": 44, "races": [ { "race_id": "oh-hubbard", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Hubbard", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Trumbull", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Ban on data centers (initiated ordinance)", "measure_type": "initiated_ordinance", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Project Milo (near Deer Creek Golf Course)", "proponents": "Hubbard residents' petition (750+ signatures)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Citizen-initiated ordinance prohibiting the construction of any data center within city limits, including converting existing buildings. No megawatt threshold: the only outright ban among Ohio's November measures. Council had already adopted a 12-month moratorium.", "ballot_text": "Shall the ordinance to approve or reject a ban on data centers within the city limits, be passed? (Ohio Secretary of State listing and Trumbull County BOE running list.) The ordinance defines a data center as \"any facility that primarily contains electronic equipment used to process, store, and transmit digital information\" and also bars converting an existing building into one (fragment per WKBN; full ordinance text not retrieved).", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 41.1565, "lon": -80.569, "ballot_text_url": "docs/source-docs/trumbull-county-questions-issues-running-list.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.tribtoday.com/news/local-news/2026/10/hubbard-voters-to-decide-on-ban-on-data-centers/", "results_page_url": "https://boe.co.trumbull.oh.gov/boe_results.html", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Issue number not yet confirmed; check Trumbull BOE sample ballot. Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-urbana", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Urbana", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Champaign", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Charter amendment banning data centers over 7.5 MW", "measure_type": "charter_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 7.5, "target_project": "Thor Equities proposal south of Rittal", "proponents": "Conserve Ohio / Nicole Nawman petition (400+ signatures)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Adds Section 8.07 to Article VIII of the city charter prohibiting construction of data centers in the city, with an exemption for small privately owned facilities serving a single organization with peak demand under 7.5 MW. Council rescinded its data-center zoning allowance in June and adopted a 12-month moratorium; Thor Equities sued in federal court. A recall of the mayor is on the same ballot.", "ballot_text": "City of Urbana, Proposed Charter Amendment. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. Shall Article VIII of the Charter of the City of Urbana be amended to add Section 8.07, to read as follows? Article VIII, Section 8.07. Prohibition of a Data Center. (A) the construction of a data center is hereby prohibited. (B) as used in this Section, \"construction\" shall mean the erection of one or more buildings, infrastructure, facilities and related activities, which include preparations and modifications for same, for a common purpose. (C) as used in this Section, \"data center\" shall mean one or more buildings or physical facilities or infrastructure, located on a single real property parcel or on contiguous, adjacent, or otherwise aggregated real property parcels that are used primarily or exclusively for digital information services such as the management, storage, processing and dissemination of electronic data and information, including but not limited to the implementation of artificial intelligence, through the use of computer systems, servers, networking equipment, and related components, including equipment cooling systems, or virtual currency mining. (D) this Section shall not apply to data centers, as defined in this section, whose sole purpose is to serve as a dedicated facility that supports the computing needs of a single organization or enterprise not otherwise engaged in the business of management, storage, processing, and/or dissemination of electronic data and information and which is wholly owned by that enterprise, and which has an aggregate monthly demand or peak load of less than seven-point-five (7.5) megawatts, however derived from any energy source, or a combination thereof. (E) this Section is self-executing. YES / NO", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 40.1084, "lon": -83.7524, "ballot_text_url": "docs/source-docs/champaign-county-sample-ballot-urbana.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/08/31/data-center-ban-will-be-on-urbana-ballot/", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/champaign/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Charter Amendment: Article VII, Section 8.07 (the petition's Article VII/VIII inconsistency carries through to the state list). Full text from the Champaign County sample ballot (Urbana 3-A), which prints it without an issue number; the ballot reads Article VIII.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "oh-sunbury", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Sunbury", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Delaware", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Charter amendment banning data centers over 25 MW", "measure_type": "charter_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 25, "target_project": "Amazon Data Services campus (~$2B) in the city technology park", "proponents": "Big Walnut for Responsible Growth", "opponents": null, "summary": "Adds Article XI, Section 11.05 to the city charter prohibiting construction of data centers with aggregate monthly demand or peak electrical load over 25 MW. Self-executing. Council enacted a moratorium through Jan 31, 2027 while the vote is pending.", "ballot_text": "Proposed Charter Amendment, City of Sunbury. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. The proposed amendment would amend the Charter of the City of Sunbury to add Section 11.05 to Article XI to read as follows: Article XI, Section 11.05: Prohibition of Construction of a Data Center. (A) The construction of a data center is hereby prohibited. (B) As used in this Section, \"construction\" shall mean the erection of one or more buildings, infrastructure, facilities, and related activities, which include preparations and modifications for same, for a common purpose. (C) As used in this Section, \"data center\" shall mean one or more buildings or physical facilities or infrastructure, located on a single real property parcel or on contiguous, adjacent, or otherwise aggregated real property parcels that: (1) Are used primarily or exclusively for digital information services such as the management, storage, processing, and dissemination of electronic data and information through the use of computer systems, servers, networking equipment, and related components, including equipment cooling systems; and (2) Has an aggregate monthly demand or peak load of greater than twenty-five (25) megawatts, however derived from any energy source, or a combination thereof. (D) This Section is self-executing. Shall Article XI, Section 11.05 of the Charter of the City of Sunbury be adopted? YES / NO", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 40.2423, "lon": -82.8591, "ballot_text_url": "docs/source-docs/delaware-county-sample-ballot-sunbury.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.delgazette.com/2026/10/06/data-centers-on-ballot-in-sunbury/", "results_page_url": "https://vote.delawarecountyohio.gov/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Delaware County Issue 9 is a different Sunbury charter amendment (council seats); confirm this measure's issue number. Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file (misspelled Sunsbury) as Charter Amendment: Article XI, Section XI. Full text from the Delaware County sample ballot (Sunbury City A), printed without an issue number.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "oh-conneaut", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Conneaut", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Ashtabula", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Issue 10", "title": "Charter amendment banning data centers over 25 MW", "measure_type": "charter_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 25, "target_project": "No formal proposal (M2 Development feasibility study at Conneaut East Industrial Park)", "proponents": "Citizen petition (Conserve Ohio template)", "opponents": "City Manager Nick Sanford warned of judicial review", "summary": "Adds Article XVI, Conservation of Natural Resources, to the city charter, prohibiting data centers with aggregate monthly demand or peak load over 25 MW (318 valid signatures). Council declined to adopt a moratorium; the petition went forward anyway.", "ballot_text": "Issue 10. Proposed Charter Amendment, Conneaut City. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. Shall the Charter of the City of Conneaut be amended to add Article XVI to read as follows: ARTICLE XVI CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES. Section XVI-1. Prohibition of Construction of a Data Center. (A) The construction of a data center is hereby prohibited. (B) As used in this Section, \"construction\" shall mean the erection of one or more buildings, infrastructure, facilities, and related activities, which include preparations and modifications for same, for a common purpose. (C) As used in this Section, \"data center\" shall mean one or more buildings or physical facilities or infrastructure, located on a single real property parcel or on contiguous, adjacent, or otherwise aggregated real property parcels that (1) Are used primarily or exclusively for digital information services such as the management, storage, processing, and dissemination of electronic data and information through the use of computer systems, servers, networking equipment, and related components, including equipment cooling systems; and (2) Has an aggregate monthly demand or peak load of greater than twenty five (25) megawatts, however derived from any energy source, or a combination thereof. (D) This Section is self-executing. Shall the proposed charter amendment be adopted? YES / NO.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 41.9478, "lon": -80.5545, "ballot_text_url": "https://lookup.boe.ohio.gov/vtrapp/ashtabula/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/oh-ashtabula/conneaut-voters-to-decide-whether-to-ban-large-data-centers", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/ashtabula/election-info/election-results", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "NOT present in the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3 Local Questions and Issues file (the only Ashtabula County Conneaut row is a park district levy); the measure is confirmed by the Ashtabula County BOE's Aug 26 approval and News 5 Cleveland. Confirmed as Issue 10 on the Ashtabula County sample ballot for Conneaut precinct 1-C (generated Sept 15, 2026; docs/source-docs/ashtabula-county-sample-ballot-conneaut-1c.pdf), which carries the full Article XVI text.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "oh-defiance", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Defiance", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Defiance", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Charter amendment banning data centers over 25 MW", "measure_type": "charter_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 25, "target_project": null, "proponents": "Citizen petition (417 signatures, 270 valid)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Adds Section 1.12 to the city charter prohibiting construction of data centers with a monthly or peak load greater than 25 MW. First petition-driven charter amendment since the 1983 charter; council also adopted a six-month moratorium.", "ballot_text": "Proposed Charter Amendment, City of Defiance. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. Shall the Charter of the City of Defiance be amended to add Section 1.12 to Article I to read as follows? Article I, Section 1.12. Prohibition of a Data Center. (A) The construction of a data center is hereby prohibited. (B) As used in this Section, \"construction\" shall mean the erection of one or more buildings, infrastructure, facilities, and related activities, which include preparations and modifications for same, for a common purpose. (C) As used in this Section, \"data center\" shall mean one or more buildings or physical facilities or infrastructure, located on a single real property parcel or on contiguous, adjacent, or otherwise aggregated real property parcels that: (1) Are used primarily or exclusively for digital information services such as the management, storage, processing, and dissemination of electronic data and information through the use of computer systems, servers, networking equipment, and related components, including equipment cooling systems; and (2) Has an aggregate monthly demand or peak load of greater than twenty-five (25) megawatts, however derived from any energy source, or a combination thereof. (D) This Section is self-executing. YES / NO.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 41.2845, "lon": -84.3558, "ballot_text_url": "https://lookup.boe.ohio.gov/vtrapp/defiance/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.crescent-news.com/news/local_news/defiance-voters-to-decide-charter-amendment-on-data-center-question/article_ecf536e7-080d-481b-88bd-37b5cddf6034.html", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/defiance/election-info/election-night-results/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Charter Amendment: Section 1.12. Full text confirmed on the Defiance County sample ballot for Defiance City precinct 1-C (generated Sept 17, 2026; docs/source-docs/defiance-county-sample-ballot-defiance-city-1c.pdf). No issue number is printed.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-trenton", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Trenton", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Butler", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Issue 17", "title": "Charter amendment banning data centers over 25 MW", "measure_type": "charter_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "court_ordered", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 25, "target_project": "Proposed ~600-acre Amazon campus (Madison/St. Clair townships); existing AWS site unaffected", "proponents": "Citizen petition (336 valid signatures)", "opponents": "Trenton City Council", "summary": "Adds Article IX, Section 9.06 to the charter: data center construction is prohibited where aggregate monthly demand or peak load exceeds 25 MW from any energy source or combination; self-executing. Council refused to certify the petition until the Ohio Supreme Court ordered it onto the ballot (State ex rel. Blankenship v. Trenton City Council, 2026-Ohio-3406). Council has teed up a property-tax holiday contingent on the measure failing, and litigation is expected if it passes.", "ballot_text": "Proposed Charter Amendment. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. Article IX, Section 9.06, Prohibition of Construction of a Data Center: (A) \"The construction of a data center is hereby prohibited.\" (B) \"As used in this Section, 'construction' shall mean the erection of one or more buildings, infrastructure, facilities, and related activities [...]\" (C) a data center is one or more buildings, physical facilities or infrastructure on a single parcel \"or on contiguous, adjacent, or otherwise aggregated real property parcels\" that is used primarily for digital information services and \"(2) Has an aggregate monthly demand or peak load of greater than twenty five (25) megawatts\" from any energy source or combination. (D) \"This Section is self-executing.\" (Per WVXU and the Journal-News reproducing the Butler County ballot text; the \"Shall Article IX...\" question line was not captured.)", "ballot_text_verbatim": "FALSE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 39.4809, "lon": -84.4577, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.wvxu.org/local-news/2026-10-09/data-centers-are-on-the-ballot-in-trenton-heres-what-to-know-about-issue-17", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.journal-news.com/local/elections/trenton-voters-will-decide-on-a-data-center-ban-election-2026/article_b2162dd4-ef96-56f3-9d38-c623021b2ee6.html", "results_page_url": "https://liveresults.boe.ohio.gov/ENR/butlerohenr/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Ohio Supreme Court ordered the measure onto the ballot Sept 1, 2026. Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Charter Amendment: Article IX, Section 9.06.", "adapters": "ohio_enr", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-grove-city", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Grove City", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Franklin", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Issue 28", "title": "Community Consent Amendment (voter approval for large developments)", "measure_type": "charter_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 20, "target_project": "~300-acre data center proposal (Beatty/Rensch Rd)", "proponents": "Protect Grove City", "opponents": "Grove City Council (unanimously opposed)", "summary": "Creates a mandatory public referendum for any development of 50 or more acres, more than 20 MW peak demand, or more than 500,000 gallons of water per day, with the developer paying election costs. Not a ban, but it would subject the proposed data center to a citywide vote. City moratorium runs through June 2027.", "ballot_text": "Issue 28, Community Consent Amendment (Franklin County Board of Elections). Full text of the proposed charter amendment (petition C-37-26, Exhibit A): a Heavy Industrial Development is any development that occupies 50 or more contiguous acres, draws more than 20 megawatts of electrical power at peak capacity, or consumes more than 500,000 gallons of water per day, aggregating phased developments and commonly owned parcels; no such development may be approved without a Public Referendum of city voters, paid for by the applicant through a Referendum Fund, and approved projects are held to Community Impact Standards for noise, infrasound, light and vibration, with new votes required for material changes. (The certified ballot question line itself is not printed in the fetched documents.)", "ballot_text_verbatim": "FALSE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 39.8815, "lon": -83.093, "ballot_text_url": "https://vote.franklincountyohio.gov/getmedia/3e546971-0f61-4a3c-af3f-40e141788ad2/28-ORD-C-37-26-Exhibit-A-Full-Text", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.nbc4i.com/news/your-local-election-hq/what-is-issue-28-on-grove-citys-november-2026-ballot/", "results_page_url": "https://liveresults.franklincountyohio.gov/enr/franklinohenr/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Charter Amendment: XI. Full text of the amendment fetched Oct 16 from the county's 2026 election page (docs/source-docs/grove-city-issue-28-full-text.pdf); the county link named Grove-City-Charter-Amendment-5 serves a 2017 notice of election and is unrelated.", "adapters": "ohio_enr,pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "oh-pataskala", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Pataskala", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Licking", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Charter amendment banning data centers over 25 MW", "measure_type": "charter_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 25, "target_project": "Aligned Data Centers 200 MW, three-building site plan (rejected by council 7-0)", "proponents": "Citizen petition (500+ signatures, Conserve Ohio language)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Adds Section 11.09 to the charter prohibiting construction of a data center within city limits, using the 25 MW monthly-demand definition. One of four Pataskala charter amendments on the ballot. Aligned is seeking judicial review of the council's rejection.", "ballot_text": "CITY OF PATASKALA Charter Amendment. Shall Section 11.09 (Prohibitation of a Data Center) be added therby prohibiting the constuction of a data center within the City limits? (Verbatim from the Licking County Board of Elections filed-issues list, typos included. The section defines a data center as facilities used primarily or exclusively for digital information services with aggregate monthly demand or peak load greater than 25 megawatts, aggregated across contiguous parcels.)", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 39.9956, "lon": -82.6743, "ballot_text_url": "docs/source-docs/licking-county-election-issues.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.nbc4i.com/news/your-local-election-hq/pataskala-residents-to-vote-on-whether-to-ban-data-centers/", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/licking/election-info/election-results/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "The Licking County BOE summary shows no megawatt threshold; news reports describe the 25 MW definition. One of four Pataskala charter amendments plus a library levy on the same ballot. Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Charter Amendment: Article XI, Section 11.09 (three other Pataskala charter amendments are on the same ballot). Question confirmed against the Licking County issues list (8 precincts).", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "unverified" }, { "race_id": "oh-granville", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "Village of Granville", "jurisdiction_type": "village", "county": "Licking", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Charter amendment prohibiting data centers (Section 10.12)", "measure_type": "charter_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 25, "target_project": "None proposed (largely symbolic)", "proponents": "Citizen petition (Conserve Ohio language)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Adds Section 10.12 (Prohibition of a Data Center) to the village charter with the 25 MW definition. No project is proposed in Granville.", "ballot_text": "VILLAGE OF GRANVILLE Charter Amendment. Shall Section 10.12 (Prohibitation of a Data Center) be added therby prohibiting the constuction of a data center within the City limits? (Verbatim from the Licking County Board of Elections filed-issues list, typos and City limits included; three Granville precincts. The section uses the 25 MW definition.)", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 40.0681, "lon": -82.5196, "ballot_text_url": "docs/source-docs/licking-county-election-issues.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.thereportingproject.org/granville-voters-likely-to-join-pataskala-residents-in-vote-that-could-ban-large-data-centers/", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/licking/election-info/election-results/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Some roundups describe it as an outright ban; confirm threshold in the certified text. Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Charter Amendment: Article X, Section 10.12.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "unverified" }, { "race_id": "oh-oregon", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Oregon", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Lucas", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Issue 25", "title": "Charter amendment capping data centers at 25 MW", "measure_type": "charter_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 25, "target_project": "Proposed data center on farmland in Oregon", "proponents": "United Neighbors of Oregon (~2,100 signatures)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Writes a 25 MW cap into the city charter using the Conserve Ohio template. Organizers frame it as steering development to brownfield and industrial sites.", "ballot_text": "Issue 25. Shall the Charter of the City of Oregon be amended to add Section 8 to Article XIII to read as follows? Article XIII, Section 8; Prohibition of Construction of a Data Center. (A) The construction of a data center is hereby prohibited. (B) As used in this Section, \"construction\" shall mean the erection of one or more buildings, infrastructure, facilities, and related activities, which include preparations and modifications for the same, for a common purpose. (C) As used in this Section, \"data center\" shall mean one or more buildings or physical facilities or infrastructure, located on a single property parcel or on contiguous, adjacent, or otherwise aggregated real property parcels that: (1) Are used primarily or exclusively for digital information services such as the management, storage, processing, and dissemination of electronic data and information through the use of computing systems, servers, networking equipment, and related components, including equipment cooling systems; and (2) Has an aggregate monthly demand or peak load of greater than twenty-five (25) megawatts, however derived from any energy source, or combination thereof. (D) This section is self-executing. Per the city: a YES vote is in support of the charter change and prohibition of data centers greater than 25 MW; a NO vote is in opposition.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 41.6437, "lon": -83.4869, "ballot_text_url": "docs/source-docs/oregon-ohio-2026-election-for-voters.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.13abc.com/2026/08/19/oregon-voters-decide-fate-large-scale-data-centers-november/", "results_page_url": "https://liveresults.boe.ohio.gov/ENR/lucasohenr/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Issue 25 (Issues 26 and 27 on the Oregon ballot are unrelated charter changes). Council accepted the BOE certification Aug 19. Lucas County reports on the SOS-hosted ENR platform (Nov 2025 was instance 21). Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Charter Amendment: Article XIII, Section 8. Full text from the city's 2026 Election for Voters page.", "adapters": "ohio_enr", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-upper-sandusky", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Upper Sandusky", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Wyandot", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Charter amendment banning data centers over 25 MW", "measure_type": "charter_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "charter_commission", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 25, "target_project": "~150-acre, ~150 MW self-powered facility proposed north of town", "proponents": "Citizen petition (Conserve Ohio template)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Charter amendment adding Article XVII, Section 17.13, Prohibition of Construction of a Data Center, reported by the city's charter commission. The ballot prints only the question line, so the section text itself (a 25 MW aggregate-load definition, per Ohio Capital Journal and Ballotpedia) is still known only from secondary reports.", "ballot_text": "Proposed Charter Amendment (Ordinance 85-14). City of Upper Sandusky. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. Shall the proposed charter amendment, Article XVII, Section 17.13: Prohibition of Construction of a Data Center, as reported by the charter commission of the city of Upper Sandusky be adopted? YES / NO.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 40.8273, "lon": -83.2813, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/wyandot/election-info/ballots-general-election/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2026/09/14/data-centers-are-on-the-november-ballot-in-these-18-ohio-communities/", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/wyandot/election-info/election-results", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "CONFIRMED on the ballot: Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as City of Upper Sandusky, Charter Amendment: Article XVII, Section 17.13, and printed on the Wyandot County sample ballot for precinct Upper A (generated Sept 15, 2026; docs/source-docs/wyandot-county-sample-ballot-upper-sandusky-a.pdf). No issue number is printed. The ballot attributes the amendment to the city charter commission (heading cites Ordinance 85-14) rather than a petition.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-monroeville", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "Village of Monroeville", "jurisdiction_type": "village", "county": "Huron", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Advisory Election", "title": "Advisory question on allowing data center development", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Decimal Digital AI data center pitch", "proponents": "Village council (advisory)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding advisory question from Village Council asking whether residents support allowing data center development within village limits, subject to zoning and development agreements. The ballot itself says the result will not, by itself, approve or prohibit any specific project. The village adopted a 12-month moratorium in February after Decimal Digital's pitch and is still owed about $1.3M from a 2024 crypto-mining operation.", "ballot_text": "Advisory Election, Village of Monroeville. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. The purpose of this advisory question is to provide Village Council with public input, realizing the result will not, by itself, approve or prohibit any specific data center project. Do you support the Village of Monroeville allowing data center development within the Village limits, provided such development complies with Village zoning regulations and applicable development agreements? YES / NO.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 41.2445, "lon": -82.698, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.huron.boe.ohio.gov/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://norwalkreflector.com/news/937140/monroeville-experience-fuels-new-data-center-debates/", "results_page_url": "https://www.huron.boe.ohio.gov/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "A YES vote favors allowing data centers. The Huron County sample ballot for Monroeville Village (generated Sept 3, 2026; docs/source-docs/huron-county-sample-ballot-monroeville-village.pdf) prints this as an ADVISORY ELECTION with the question above, so the earlier reporting was right and the Ohio Secretary of State file's one-line description (\"Shall the proposed ordinance allowing data center development be adopted?\") does not match the ballot. Placed by Village Council (the question is addressed to council for public input). No issue number is printed.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-sprigg-twp", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "Sprigg Township", "jurisdiction_type": "township", "county": "Adams", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Proposed Zoning Plan", "title": "Adopt township zoning to regulate a data center at the Stuart plant site", "measure_type": "zoning_adoption", "binding": "binding", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Data center at the former J.M. Stuart power plant site (federal permit issued)", "proponents": "Township residents' petition", "opponents": null, "summary": "Township zoning adoption under ORC Chapter 519, which requires voter approval. Adopting zoning gives the township authority over the proposed data center at the former Stuart power plant; trustees passed a one-year voluntary moratorium in March.", "ballot_text": "Proposed Zoning Plan, Township of Sprigg. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. A Resolution enacted under Section 519 of the Ohio Revised Code, titled \"Sprigg Township Zoning Resolution\", governing the unincorporated area of Sprigg Township, Adams County, Ohio, to preserve the rural and agricultural character of the Township, protect public health, safety, and general welfare, allow reasonable use of property with minimal unnecessary regulation, provide a predictable process for review of higher-impact development, ensure that uses with potentially significant impacts are evaluated and reasonably mitigated, and to promote orderly and compatible land use consistent with Township infrastructure and services. Pursuant to the authority conferred by Section 519 of the Ohio Revised Code, and for the purpose of protecting agricultural, residential, and small-scale uses; preventing unreasonable burdens on roads, infrastructure, and public services; providing uniform and objective standards for land use review; and to carry out zoning authority in a manner consistent with Ohio law. Shall the zoning plan for the unincorporated area of the Township of Sprigg as adopted by the Township of Sprigg be approved? For the Zoning Resolution / Against the Zoning Resolution.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 38.72, "lon": -83.6, "ballot_text_url": "https://lookup.boe.ohio.gov/vtrapp/adams/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/i-team/adams-county-data-center-gets-federal-permit-as-voters-sign-petitions-to-block-it", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/adams/election-info/election-results/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Sprigg Township, Zoning amendment. Full ballot text from the Adams County sample ballot for Sprigg Township (generated Oct 12, 2026; docs/source-docs/adams-county-sample-ballot-sprigg-township.pdf). The ballot choices are For the Zoning Resolution / Against the Zoning Resolution, not Yes / No. The question says the plan was adopted by the township (trustees' zoning resolution under ORC 519, which goes to the voters under ORC 519.11), so the origin is the township board rather than a petition. No issue number is printed.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-monroe-twp", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "Monroe Township", "jurisdiction_type": "township", "county": "Adams", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Proposed Zoning Plan", "title": "Adopt township zoning to regulate a data center at the Killen plant site", "measure_type": "zoning_adoption", "binding": "binding", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Data center at the former Killen power plant site", "proponents": "Township residents' petition", "opponents": null, "summary": "Township zoning adoption under ORC Chapter 519 covering the former Killen power plant site; trustees created a zoning commission in March.", "ballot_text": "Proposed Zoning Plan, Township of Monroe. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. A Resolution enacted under Section 519 of the Ohio Revised Code, titled \"Monroe Township Zoning Resolution\", governing the unincorporated area of Monroe Township, Adams County, Ohio, to preserve the rural and agricultural character of the Township, protect public health, safety, and general welfare, allow reasonable use of property with minimal unneccessary [sic] regulation, provide a predictable process for review of higher-impact development, ensure that uses with potentially significant impacts are evaluated and reasonably mitigated, and to promote orderly and compatible land use consistent with Township infrastructure and services. Pursuant to the authority conferred by Section 519 of the Ohio Revised Code, and for the purpose of protecting agricultural, residential, and small-scale uses; preventing unreasonable burdens on roads, infrastructure, and public services; providing uniform and objective standards for land use review; and to carry out zoning authority in a manner consistent with Ohio law. Shall the zoning plan for the unincorporated area of the Township of Monroe as adopted by the Township of Monroe be approved? For the Zoning Resolution / Against the Zoning Resolution.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 38.8, "lon": -83.49, "ballot_text_url": "https://lookup.boe.ohio.gov/vtrapp/adams/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://woub.org/2026/03/30/ohio-rural-areas-zoning-data-centers/", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/adams/election-info/election-results/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Monroe Township, Zoning amendment. Full ballot text from the Adams County sample ballot for Monroe Township (generated Oct 12, 2026; docs/source-docs/adams-county-sample-ballot-monroe-township.pdf). The ballot choices are For the Zoning Resolution / Against the Zoning Resolution, not Yes / No. The question says the plan was adopted by the township (trustees' zoning resolution under ORC 519, which goes to the voters under ORC 519.11), so the origin is the township board rather than a petition. No issue number is printed.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-ashville", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "Village of Ashville", "jurisdiction_type": "village", "county": "Pickaway", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Referendum on Resolution (By Petition)", "title": "Referendum on Resolution 06-2026 (EdgeConneX development agreement)", "measure_type": "referendum", "binding": "binding", "origin": "court_ordered", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "EdgeConneX: two data centers and a gas plant on ~195 acres", "proponents": "Teays Valley Community Alliance (petition, 669 valid signatures)", "opponents": "Village council majority; EdgeConneX", "summary": "Referendum on the council's April resolution approving a development and supply agreement term summary with EdgeConneX. The Ohio Supreme Court ordered the petition certified (State ex rel. McNamara-Smith v. Grube, 2026-Ohio-3035). A YES vote upholds the agreement; a NO vote rejects it (though it does not by itself stop construction). EdgeConneX paid the village $3.5M in October.", "ballot_text": "Referendum on Resolution (By Petition), Village of Ashville. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. WHEREAS, EdgeConneX intends to obtain permits through the Village of Ashville to construct and operate two data center buildings with ancillary buildings and infrastructure on certain property within the Village (currently Pickaway County Parcel Number D1300350000100 consisting of approximately 195.368 acres); and WHEREAS, EdgeConneX, through an affiliate, also intends to develop and obtain permits through the Ohio Power Siting Board for authority to construct and operate a natural gas behind-the-meter power generating facility at the property; and WHEREAS, the Village of Ashville and EdgeConneX want to memorialize a framework and timeline, for disclosure of Energy Center parameters, studies, and EdgeConneX's paid support to the Village, the Township, and the School District, through a Term Summary; and WHEREAS, using this Term Summary, the Village of Ashville and EdgeConneX will negotiate and agree to a Development and Supply Agreement that must be approved by Council for the Village of Ashville; and WHEREAS, Council for the Village of Ashville now wants to kick off this project by approving the Term Summary. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Council of the Village of Ashville, County of Pickaway, State of Ohio: Section One. Council for the Village of Ashville hereby approves the Development and Supply Agreement Term Summary attached hereto as Exhibit A. Section Two. It is hereby found and determined that all formal actions of this Council concerning and relating to the passage of this resolution were adopted in an open meeting of Council and all deliberations of Council and any of the decision-making bodies of the Village of Ashville which resulted in such formal actions were taken in meetings open to the public in compliance with all legal requirements of the State of Ohio. Section Three. All prior legislation, or any parts thereof, which is/are inconsistent with this Resolution is/are hereby repealed as to the inconsistent parts thereof. Section Four. Council declares this to be an emergency measure immediately necessary for the preservation of the public peace, health, and safety of this municipality and for the further reason that Council needs to accept these terms as soon as possible so that this project is not unnecessarily delayed. Wherefore, provided this Resolution receives the required affirmative votes of Council, this Resolution shall take effect and be in force immediately upon passage by Council. Shall the resolution enacting approval of a development and supply agreement term summary with EdgeConneX be approved? Yes / No.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 39.7156, "lon": -82.9527, "ballot_text_url": "http://www.circlevilleherald.com/news/referendum-petition-language-on-board-of-elections-ballot-proofs/article_d7981670-c993-4566-a261-e15ead5dd172.html", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/10/08/ashville-receives-3-5-million-from-edgeconnex-ahead-of-referendum/", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/pickaway/election-info/election-results/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "A YES vote is the pro-data-center side. Ballot choices are Yes / No (not For / Against), per the Pickaway County ballot proof for precinct 17 Ashville-East (docs/source-docs/pickaway-county-ballot-proof-ashville-east-p2.webp), which prints the full resolution text above the question. Council's attempt to repeal the agreement (Resolution 16-2026) failed at its third reading on Oct 5, 2026, so the referendum stays on the ballot. Village electors only. Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file with the same question wording. No issue number is printed.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-wilmington-1", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Wilmington (parcel 1 of 4)", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Clinton", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Rezoning referendum: SR 730 (119.373 acres), Ordinance O-26-04", "measure_type": "zoning_referendum", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Ardent Companies / TAC Data Centers parcels (deal reportedly terminated); separate from the AWS campus", "proponents": "Clinton County Residents for Responsible Development (1,529 signatures)", "opponents": "Wilmington City Council majority", "summary": "One of four referendums on February council ordinances rezoning a combined ~546 acres between S US-68 and SR-730 from rural residential to light industrial for data center development. A YES vote approves the rezoning ordinance; a NO vote overturns it. The zoning is stayed pending the vote.", "ballot_text": "REFERENDUM ON ORDINANCE NO. O-26-04 (By Petition), City of Wilmington. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. Ordinance O-26-04: Changing the zoning of real property located on SR 730 (119.373 acres) in the City of Wilmington, Ohio. The ordinance changes the zoning of 119.373 acres from RR (Rural Residential) to LI (Light Industrial). It was adopted by city council on February 19, 2026. Shall Ordinance No. O-26-04 proposing to change the zoning of real property located on SR 730 (119.373 Acres) in the City of Wilmington, Ohio, be approved? A YES vote approves the ordinance. A NO vote rejects the ordinance.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 39.4453, "lon": -83.8285, "ballot_text_url": "docs/source-docs/clinton-county-sample-ballots-wilmington.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.realchangewilmington.com/post/4-rezoning-referendums-on-november-3rd-ballot", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/clinton/election-info/election-results/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Four separate ballot questions on parcels formerly tied to the Ardent Companies project (agreement terminated this summer). Separate petitions against the Sept 3 Amazon-related ordinances are NOT on Nov 3. Map dots are offset slightly so all four are visible. Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Zoning Ordinance O-26-04. Full text from the Clinton County sample ballot (Wilmington 1-A), which prints the referendums by ordinance number without issue numbers.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-wilmington-2", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Wilmington (parcel 2 of 4)", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Clinton", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Rezoning referendum: McGuinn Road (191.12 acres), Ordinance O-26-06", "measure_type": "zoning_referendum", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Ardent Companies / TAC Data Centers parcels", "proponents": "Clinton County Residents for Responsible Development", "opponents": "Wilmington City Council majority", "summary": "Second of four rezoning referendums; see parcel 1.", "ballot_text": "REFERENDUM ON ORDINANCE NO. O-26-06 (By Petition), City of Wilmington. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. Ordinance O-26-06: Changing the zoning of real property located on McGuinn Road (191.12 acres) in the City of Wilmington, Ohio. The ordinance changes the zoning of 191.12 acres from RR (Rural Residential) to LI (Light Industrial). It was adopted by city council on February 19, 2026. Shall ordinance No. O-26-06 proposing to change the zoning of 191.12 acres of real property on McGuinn Road in Wilmington, Ohio, be approved? A YES vote approves the ordinance. A NO vote rejects the ordinance.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 39.4493, "lon": -83.8245, "ballot_text_url": "docs/source-docs/clinton-county-sample-ballots-wilmington.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/wilmington-residents-take-aim-at-industrial-zoning-for-data-centers-with-ballot-referendum", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/clinton/election-info/election-results/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Zoning Ordinance O-26-06. Full text from the Clinton County sample ballot (Wilmington 1-A), which prints the referendums by ordinance number without issue numbers.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-wilmington-3", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Wilmington (parcel 3 of 4)", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Clinton", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Rezoning referendum: U.S. 68 South (170.11 acres), Ordinance O-26-07", "measure_type": "zoning_referendum", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Ardent Companies / TAC Data Centers parcels", "proponents": "Clinton County Residents for Responsible Development", "opponents": "Wilmington City Council majority", "summary": "Third of four rezoning referendums; see parcel 1.", "ballot_text": "REFERENDUM ON ORDINANCE NO. O-26-07 (By Petition), City of Wilmington. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. Ordinance O-26-07: Changing the zoning of real property located on US 68 South (170.11 acres) in the City of Wilmington, Ohio. The ordinance changes the zoning of 170.11 acres from RR (Rural Residential) to LI (Light Industrial). It was adopted by city council on February 19, 2026. Shall Ordinance No. O-26-07 proposing to change the zoning of 170.11 acres of real property on US 68 South in Wilmington, Ohio, be approved? A YES vote approves the ordinance. A NO vote rejects the ordinance.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 39.4413, "lon": -83.8325, "ballot_text_url": "docs/source-docs/clinton-county-sample-ballots-wilmington.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.wnewsj.com/2026/09/22/ohio-supreme-court-denies-wilmington-data-center-ballot-measure/", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/clinton/election-info/election-results/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Zoning Ordinance O-26-07. Full text from the Clinton County sample ballot (Wilmington 1-A), which prints the referendums by ordinance number without issue numbers.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "oh-wilmington-4", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "City of Wilmington (parcel 4 of 4)", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Clinton", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Rezoning referendum: 1957 SR 730 (65.29 acres), Ordinance O-26-05", "measure_type": "zoning_referendum", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Ardent Companies / TAC Data Centers parcels", "proponents": "Clinton County Residents for Responsible Development", "opponents": "Wilmington City Council majority", "summary": "Fourth of four rezoning referendums; see parcel 1.", "ballot_text": "REFERENDUM ON ORDINANCE NO. O-26-05 (By Petition), City of Wilmington. A majority affirmative vote is necessary for passage. Ordinance O-26-05: Changing the zoning of real property located at 1957 SR 730 (65.29 acres) in the City of Wilmington, Ohio. The ordinance changes the zoning of 65.29 acres from RR (Rural Residential) to LI (Light Industrial). It was adopted by city council on February 19, 2026. Shall Ordinance No. O-26-05 proposing to change the zoning of real property located at 1957 SR 730 (65.29 acres) in the City of Wilmington, Ohio, be approved? A YES vote approves the ordinance. A NO vote rejects the ordinance.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 39.4413, "lon": -83.8245, "ballot_text_url": "docs/source-docs/clinton-county-sample-ballots-wilmington.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.wnewsj.com/2026/10/02/ccrrd-submits-1550-signatures-for-amazon-data-center-referendums/", "results_page_url": "https://www.boe.ohio.gov/clinton/election-info/election-results/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Ordinance number confirmed as O-26-05 from the Clinton County sample ballot. Listed on the Ohio Secretary of State's Nov 3, 2026 Local Questions and Issues file as Zoning Ordinance O-26-05. Full text from the Clinton County sample ballot (Wilmington 1-A), which prints the referendums by ordinance number without issue numbers.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "ks-emporia", "state": "KS", "state_name": "Kansas", "jurisdiction": "City of Emporia", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Lyon", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Ballot Question 2", "title": "Ban on high-impact data centers in all zoning districts", "measure_type": "initiated_ordinance", "binding": "binding", "origin": "court_ordered", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 10, "target_project": "Proposed data center bid (~$3M, funding source contested in court)", "proponents": "Emporia Neighbors United", "opponents": "Regional Development Association of East Central Kansas; city staff", "summary": "Citizen-initiated ordinance (K.S.A. 12-3013) prohibiting the construction, installation, operation and maintenance of High Impact Data Centers in every zoning district. A High Impact Data Center is one with peak electrical load over 10 MW or daily water draw over 100,000 gallons, including server farms, colocation, AI training and crypto mining. A district court ordered the question onto the ballot; the city's declaratory-judgment case on whether the subject is a proper initiative is still pending, so if approved the ordinance takes effect only after a ruling. Companion Question #3 would ban large battery storage.", "ballot_text": "Ballot Question 2: An Ordinance of the City of Emporia, Kansas Prohibiting the Installation and Operation of High Impact Data Centers. Explanatory Statement: This ordinance would prohibit the construction, installation, operation, and maintenance of High Impact Data Centers within the City of Emporia, Kansas. A \"High Impact Data Center\" is defined as a facility whose primary purpose is the housing, operation, and maintenance of computer servers and related infrastructure that requires a peak electrical load exceeding ten (10) megawatts or a daily water draw exceeding one hundred thousand (100,000) gallons. This term includes server farms, colocation facilities, AI training facilities, cryptocurrency mining operations, and similar high-density computing facilities. The prohibition would apply to all zoning districts within the City. Violations would be subject to civil and criminal penalties under the City of Emporia Zoning Regulations. Shall the following ordinance be adopted? \"An Ordinance of the City of Emporia, Kansas Prohibiting the Installation and Operation of High Impact Data Centers\" Vote Yes to adopt the ordinance. Vote No to reject the ordinance.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "pending_litigation", "lat": 38.4039, "lon": -96.1817, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.emporiaks.gov/1600/2026-City-of-Emporia-Ballot-Information", "ballotpedia_url": "https://ballotpedia.org/Emporia,_Kansas,_Prohibit_High_Impact_Data_Centers_Initiative_(November_2026)", "news_url": "https://www.ksnt.com/news/local-news/court-orders-data-center-question-to-be-put-on-nov-ballot-in-emporia/", "results_page_url": "https://www.lyoncountyks.gov/181/Elections", "poll_close_et": "20:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "Polls close 7 pm Central. Ballot Question 2 (form of ballot per Resolution 3799, Exhibit B); Question 3 is the companion battery-storage ban. A YES vote adopts the ordinance. Resolution 3799 (adopted Aug 26, 2026; docs/source-docs/emporia-resolution-3799.pdf) records that the Lyon County District Court ordered the question onto the ballot on Aug 20, 2026 (case LY-2026-CV-000119) and stayed publication, implementation and enforcement of the ordinance pending final judgment regardless of the outcome, while the city preserves its argument that the subject is administrative and not a proper initiative. The Emporia Gazette reports the petition text cites a nonexistent code article.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "ks-el-dorado", "state": "KS", "state_name": "Kansas", "jurisdiction": "City of El Dorado", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Butler", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Ten-year ban on high-impact data centers and large battery storage", "measure_type": "initiated_ordinance", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 10, "target_project": "Possible data center project discussed in April 2026", "proponents": "Protect the Heartland (700+ signatures)", "opponents": "City of El Dorado (lost court challenge)", "summary": "Citizen-initiated ordinance prohibiting High Impact Data Centers and Tier 2 and Tier 3 battery energy storage systems. Under K.S.A. 12-3013, if adopted by voters it cannot be amended or repealed by the commission for ten years without voter approval. The 13th Judicial District court ruled the petition a proper legislative subject (Aug 21, 2026 city statement); the City Commission placed it on the ballot by resolution at a special meeting on Aug 25, 2026.", "ballot_text": "Shall the following ordinance be adopted? [ordinance title] prohibiting the installation and operation of High Impact Data Centers and Tier 2 and Tier 3 Battery Energy Storage Systems. Per the city's Aug 26, 2026 official statement, the question as approved by the City Commission carries the ordinance title, the specific technical thresholds defining \"High Impact Data Center\" (peak electrical load exceeding 10 megawatts or a daily water draw exceeding 100,000 gallons) and \"Tier 2 and Tier 3 Battery Energy Storage Systems\" (Tier 2: aggregate capacity between 81 and 600 kilowatt-hours or more than one storage technology in a room or enclosed area; Tier 3: over 600 kilowatt-hours), and a description of the ordinance's ten-year effective period, under the \"generally descriptive\" option in K.S.A. 12-3013(b). (Reconstructed from city notices 652, 683 and 688 and the Aug 26 statement; the certified question text as printed on the Butler County ballot has not been retrieved.)", "ballot_text_verbatim": "FALSE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 37.8172, "lon": -96.8622, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.eldoks.gov/m/newsflash/home/detail/683", "ballotpedia_url": "https://ballotpedia.org/El_Dorado,_Kansas,_Prohibit_Data_Centers_and_Battery_Energy_Storage_Systems_Initiative_(November_2026)", "news_url": "https://www.kwch.com/2026/08/27/el-dorado-voters-have-say-potential-future-data-centers/", "results_page_url": "https://www.bucoks.gov/448/Election-Results", "poll_close_et": "20:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "Polls close 7 pm Central. Results page URL unverified. The 13th Judicial District ruled in August that the ordinance is legislative and may proceed by initiative (city notice 683); the commission's Aug 26, 2026 official statement on the ballot question is in docs/source-docs/el-dorado-ks-official-statement-ballot-question-2026-08-26.pdf and says the full ordinance will be published on eldoks.gov under K.S.A. 12-3013(d). The sample ballot from the Butler County Clerk (bucoks.gov Elections) would give the verbatim question.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "ks-ottawa", "state": "KS", "state_name": "Kansas", "jurisdiction": "City of Ottawa", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Franklin", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Ban on data centers over 25 MW", "measure_type": "initiated_ordinance", "binding": "binding", "origin": "court_ordered", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 25, "target_project": "Lightfield Energy Proximity Park (~300 acres, contract since terminated)", "proponents": "Ottawa United (658 verified signatures)", "opponents": "City of Ottawa (outside counsel called the ordinance administrative)", "summary": "Citizen-initiated ordinance prohibiting data centers that use more than 25 MW within city limits. Judge Eric Godderz ordered the question onto the ballot; a hearing on Oct 20, 2026 will decide whether the ordinance is legislative or administrative, which determines whether a YES vote takes effect. The city has since terminated the Lightfield sales contract.", "ballot_text": "Citizen-initiated ordinance barring the city from allowing or constructing any data center using more than 25 megawatts of power within city limits. Per KSHB and KOFO: a YES vote would restrict any data center built in Ottawa to no more than 25 megawatts; a NO vote would allow construction of data centers that use more than 25 megawatts. (Paraphrase; the certified question text was not retrieved.)", "ballot_text_verbatim": "FALSE", "status": "pending_litigation", "lat": 38.6156, "lon": -95.2678, "ballot_text_url": null, "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/data-centers/franklin-county-judge-rules-data-center-question-will-go-on-november-ballot", "results_page_url": "https://www.franklincoks.org/210/Clerk-Elections", "poll_close_et": "20:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "Polls close 7 pm Central. Court hearing Oct 20, 2026.", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "il-bloomington", "state": "IL", "state_name": "Illinois", "jurisdiction": "City of Bloomington Township", "jurisdiction_type": "township", "county": "McLean", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Advisory: moratorium on large-scale data centers", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "electors_meeting", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Pending council data-center regulations (hearings Oct 16 and Nov 16)", "proponents": "Township electors (111-0 at a June 1 special town meeting)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding question placed by township electors. The township is coterminous with the City of Bloomington. Council already passed a six-month moratorium (expires Nov 26) and is drafting rules limiting large data centers to the M2 district.", "ballot_text": "Should the City of Bloomington implement a moratorium on the creation of any large-scale data centers?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 40.4842, "lon": -88.9937, "ballot_text_url": "https://bloomingtonelectionsil.gov/november-3-2026-general-election/specimen-ballot/", "ballotpedia_url": "https://ballotpedia.org/Bloomington,_Illinois,_Large-Scale_Data_Center_Moratorium_Advisory_Measure_(November_2026)", "news_url": "https://www.25newsnow.com/2026/10/14/bloomington-voters-will-see-an-advisory-question-data-centers-november-ballot/", "results_page_url": "https://bloomingtonelectionsil.gov/elections/pastresults/", "poll_close_et": "20:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "Results come from the Bloomington Election Commission, not the McLean County Clerk. Polls close 7 pm Central. Wording confirmed by 25News (Oct 14, 2026); the official question page and specimen ballot are on the commission's site.", "adapters": "clarity,pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "il-joliet-twp", "state": "IL", "state_name": "Illinois", "jurisdiction": "Joliet Township", "jurisdiction_type": "township", "county": "Will", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Data Center Construction", "title": "Advisory: should the Joliet City Council approve AI data centers?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "795-acre AI data center campus approved 8-1 by Joliet City Council", "proponents": "Joliet Township Board (Supervisor Cesar Guerrero)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding reaction to the city council's approval of what is described as the state's largest AI data center campus. The township covers most of Joliet plus parts of Shorewood, Rockdale and Crest Hill.", "ballot_text": "Should the Joliet City Council approve construction of AI data centers? (Yes - For the Measure / No - Against the Measure)", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 41.525, "lon": -88.0817, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.willcountyclerk.gov/november-3-2026-general-election/referenda-list-november-3-2026-general-election/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://patch.com/illinois/joliet/joliet-2026-voter-guide-everything-you-need-know", "results_page_url": "https://www.willcountyclerk.gov/elections/election-results/", "poll_close_et": "20:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "A YES vote favors data centers. Polls close 7 pm Central.", "adapters": "clarity,html_table", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "il-chouteau-twp", "state": "IL", "state_name": "Illinois", "jurisdiction": "Chouteau Township", "jurisdiction_type": "township", "county": "Madison", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Advisory: permit new data centers in the township?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Metro East industrial-corridor proposals", "proponents": null, "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding question on whether new data centers should be permitted in the township, one of four identical questions in Madison County's Granite City area.", "ballot_text": "Shall the construction and operation of new data centers be permitted in Chouteau Township?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 38.75, "lon": -90.07, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.thetelegraph.com/projects/2026/november-voter-guide-alton-illinois/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.thetelegraph.com/projects/2026/november-voter-guide-alton-illinois/", "results_page_url": "https://www.madisoncountyil.gov/departments/county_clerk/elections/election_results.php", "poll_close_et": "20:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "A YES vote favors data centers. Who placed the question is unverified.", "adapters": "clarity,pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "il-granite-city-twp", "state": "IL", "state_name": "Illinois", "jurisdiction": "Granite City Township", "jurisdiction_type": "township", "county": "Madison", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Advisory: permit new data centers in the township?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Metro East industrial-corridor proposals", "proponents": null, "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding question on whether new data centers should be permitted in the township.", "ballot_text": "Shall the construction and operation of new data centers be permitted in Granite City Township?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 38.7, "lon": -90.15, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.thetelegraph.com/projects/2026/november-voter-guide-alton-illinois/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.thetelegraph.com/projects/2026/november-voter-guide-alton-illinois/", "results_page_url": "https://www.madisoncountyil.gov/departments/county_clerk/elections/election_results.php", "poll_close_et": "20:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "A YES vote favors data centers.", "adapters": "clarity,pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "il-nameoki-twp", "state": "IL", "state_name": "Illinois", "jurisdiction": "Nameoki Township", "jurisdiction_type": "township", "county": "Madison", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Advisory: permit new data centers in the township?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Metro East industrial-corridor proposals", "proponents": null, "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding question on whether new data centers should be permitted in the township.", "ballot_text": "Shall the construction and operation of new data centers be permitted in Nameoki Township?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 38.72, "lon": -90.1, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.thetelegraph.com/projects/2026/november-voter-guide-alton-illinois/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.thetelegraph.com/projects/2026/november-voter-guide-alton-illinois/", "results_page_url": "https://www.madisoncountyil.gov/departments/county_clerk/elections/election_results.php", "poll_close_et": "20:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "A YES vote favors data centers.", "adapters": "clarity,pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "il-venice-twp", "state": "IL", "state_name": "Illinois", "jurisdiction": "Venice Township", "jurisdiction_type": "township", "county": "Madison", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Advisory: permit new data centers in the township?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Metro East industrial-corridor proposals", "proponents": null, "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding question on whether new data centers should be permitted in the township.", "ballot_text": "Shall the construction and operation of new data centers be permitted in Venice Township?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 38.67, "lon": -90.17, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.thetelegraph.com/projects/2026/november-voter-guide-alton-illinois/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.thetelegraph.com/projects/2026/november-voter-guide-alton-illinois/", "results_page_url": "https://www.madisoncountyil.gov/departments/county_clerk/elections/election_results.php", "poll_close_et": "20:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "A YES vote favors data centers. Wording reproduced verbatim in the Alton Telegraph voter guide; the other three townships use the identical form.", "adapters": "clarity,pdf", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "il-morgan-county", "state": "IL", "state_name": "Illinois", "jurisdiction": "Morgan County", "jurisdiction_type": "county", "county": "Morgan", "level": "county", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": null, "title": "Advisory: restrictions on data centers countywide", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "CyrusOne ~$500M data center near Waverly (approved by neighboring Sangamon County)", "proponents": "Accountability for Data Center Development; Indivisible Jacksonville (1,100+ signatures)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding countywide question. Morgan County has no zoning and a six-month moratorium on data center applications; commissioners say they lack power to deny projects without zoning.", "ballot_text": "Shall there be restrictions imposed on the construction and operation of data centers in Morgan County? (Wording per WLDS's October report; the petition-stage draft read: Should there be restrictions imposed on the construction of data centers in Morgan County? The certified ballot was not retrieved.)", "ballot_text_verbatim": "FALSE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 39.72, "lon": -90.2, "ballot_text_url": null, "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.myjournalcourier.com/news/article/morgan-county-data-center-referendum-22340222.php", "results_page_url": "https://morgancounty-il.com/wp/departments/county-clerk/", "poll_close_et": "20:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "WLDS reported two wordings (Shall there be restrictions imposed on the construction and operation of data centers / Should there be restrictions imposed on the construction of data centers); confirm against the certified ballot. Results post on the GBS portal (results.gbsvote.com). Polls close 7 pm Central.", "adapters": "html_table", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "wi-janesville", "state": "WI", "state_name": "Wisconsin", "jurisdiction": "City of Janesville", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Rock", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "GM/JATCO Site Development Referendum", "title": "Voter approval required for projects over $450M at the GM/JATCO site", "measure_type": "direct_legislation", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Viridian Partners' proposed 800 MW, ~$8B data center campus on the former GM site (letter of intent lapsed)", "proponents": "Citizen petition (3,927 certified signatures)", "opponents": "Grow Janesville Responsibly; Badger Institute", "summary": "Direct legislation under Wis. Stat. 9.20 requiring that development agreements, projects, sales and leases at the city-owned GM/JATCO sites (1000 General Motors Dr. and 544 Kellogg Ave. plus adjacent parcels in the same development) involving more than $450 million in project costs be approved by a majority of Janesville electors; phased projects aggregate toward the threshold. The question does not mention data centers but was written to stop the Viridian campus; the city also has a separate data center moratorium.", "ballot_text": "City of Janesville Direct Legislation Petition on GM/JATCO Site Development Referendum. Vote for one. Should approval of proposed development agreements, development projects, sales, and leases of the GM/JATCO sites for projects exceeding $450 million in project costs be decided by a majority vote of the electors? Yes / No.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 42.6828, "lon": -89.0187, "ballot_text_url": "https://myvote.wi.gov/", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.wmtv15news.com/2026/08/24/janesville-referendum-decide-vote-requirement-gmjatco-site-projects/", "results_page_url": "https://elections.co.rock.wi.us/20261103.html", "poll_close_et": "21:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "Polls close 8 pm Central. Janesville absentee ballots are counted centrally and reported separately. Question verbatim from the MyVote Wisconsin sample ballot for City of Janesville Ward 26 (generated Oct 16, 2026; docs/source-docs/myvote-wi-sample-ballot-janesville-ward-26.pdf). The ballot heading is \"City of Janesville Direct Legislation Petition on GM/JATCO Site Development Referendum\"; the question does not mention data centers.", "adapters": "html_table", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "ca-alhambra", "state": "CA", "state_name": "California", "jurisdiction": "City of Alhambra", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Los Angeles", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Measure DB", "title": "Voter-locked ban on data centers in all zones", "measure_type": "initiated_ordinance", "binding": "binding", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Pre-emptive; follows neighboring Monterey Park", "proponents": "Alhambra City Council (Ordinance O2M26-4868, 5-0)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Affirms the council's existing zoning ban on data centers by voter action, so a future council cannot repeal it without going back to voters. Simple majority. Per the City Attorney's impartial analysis, the measure adds the sentence \"Data Centers are prohibited in all zones of the City\" to the Municipal Code definition in section 23.43.050 (the ban itself was adopted by Ordinance O2M26-4863); if it fails, the council-adopted ban stays in place unless the council later changes it.", "ballot_text": "Data Centers Prohibited. Shall an ordinance be adopted affirming the Council adopted ban on \"Data Centers\" by amending the Alhambra Municipal Code to again define \"Data Centers\" and prohibit them in all zones of the City?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 34.0953, "lon": -118.127, "ballot_text_url": "https://content.lavote.gov/docs/rrcc/documents/final-measures-appearing-on-the-ballot-9-22-2026.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://laist.com/news/alhambra-ballot-measure-data-center-ban-2026", "results_page_url": "https://results.lavote.gov/election-list", "poll_close_et": "23:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "Polls close 8 pm Pacific. LA County JSON feed: results.lavote.gov/electionresults/json?electionid=ID (June 2, 2026 primary was 4338; the Nov 3 id appears when the election is listed). City Attorney impartial analysis fetched Oct 16 (docs/source-docs/alhambra-impartial-analysis-measure-db.docx).", "adapters": "json_generic,html_table", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "nv-boulder-city", "state": "NV", "state_name": "Nevada", "jurisdiction": "Boulder City", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Clark", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Question 1", "title": "Allow data centers in the Eldorado Valley Transfer Area", "measure_type": "land_use_authorization", "binding": "binding", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Roughly 14,000 acres of city-owned desert outside the tortoise habitat easement", "proponents": "Boulder City Council (3-1)", "opponents": "Residents concerned about water use", "summary": "City Charter section 144(1) limits land uses in the Eldorado Valley Transfer Area (over 100,000 acres bought from the federal government in 1995, of which over 86,000 acres sit under a habitat conservation easement) and section 144(2) requires voter approval of any new use. A YES vote makes data centers an approved land use on the roughly 14,000 acres outside the easement; individual leases would still need council approval, and lease proceeds would be split under Charter section 142.3. The city says the measure does not change existing law or raise taxes. Uses outside the Transfer Area are not affected.", "ballot_text": "Should data center facilities be an approved land use within the Eldorado Valley Transfer Area outside of the Multi-species Habitat Conservation Easement? Yes / No. From the city's Explanation and Digest: \"A YES vote would allow data center facilities to be an approved land use within the Eldorado Valley Transfer Area outside of the Multi-species Habitat Conservation Easement. A NO vote would mean that no data center facilities would be approved within the Eldorado Valley Transfer Area outside of the Multi-species Habitat Conservation Easement.\" If approved, the City Council would only be authorized to potentially enter into leases allowing data center facilities; voter approval of the use would not require the City Council to authorize a data center.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 35.9786, "lon": -114.8325, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.bcnv.org/DocumentCenter/View/16416/Ballot-Question-1-Explanation-and-Digest", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://nevadacurrent.com/2026/09/11/ballot-measure-gives-boulder-city-voters-a-chance-to-weigh-in-on-data-centers/", "results_page_url": "https://elections.clarkcountynv.gov/ElectionResultsTV/ENR.aspx", "poll_close_et": "22:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "A YES vote is the pro-data-center side. Polls close 7 pm Pacific. Question, explanation and digest verbatim from the city Explanation and Digest (docs/source-docs/boulder-city-q1-digest.pdf); the Clark County all-questions booklet (docs/source-docs/clark-county-all-questions-26g.pdf) adds the ballot question committees' arguments for and against passage. The 2024 NV SOS Clark County page listed Boulder City questions, so the SOS page should carry this one too.", "adapters": "html_table", "source_status": "verified" }, { "race_id": "fl-edgewater", "state": "FL", "state_name": "Florida", "jurisdiction": "City of Edgewater", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Volusia", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Charter Amendment No. 4", "title": "Prohibition on New Data Centers (charter amendment)", "measure_type": "charter_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Pre-emptive (no project pending)", "proponents": "Edgewater City Council (unanimous)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Charter amendment prohibiting the permitting, construction, expansion or operation of new data centers within city limits, covering cloud, AI, crypto-mining and colocation facilities. Council enacted an ordinance ban in September to prevent an approval before the vote; proponents argue a charter provision is more durable because a future council could repeal an ordinance.", "ballot_text": "CHARTER AMENDMENT NO. 4. PROHIBITION ON NEW DATA CENTERS. Amends the Charter to prohibit the approval, construction, expansion, or operation of new data centers within the City; prohibits the City from issuing development approvals or permits authorizing such facilities; defines \"data center\"; and requires voter approval before the Charter prohibition may be amended or repealed. Should the City Charter prohibit new data centers within the City? Yes, in favor of adoption. No, against adoption.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 28.9889, "lon": -80.9023, "ballot_text_url": "https://ballotpedia.org/Edgewater,_Florida,_Prohibit_New_Data_Centers_Amendment_(November_2026)", "ballotpedia_url": "https://ballotpedia.org/Edgewater,_Florida,_Prohibit_New_Data_Centers_Amendment_(November_2026)", "news_url": "https://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2026/08/04/edgewater-voters-could-decide-whether-to-ban-certain-data-centers-in-november/", "results_page_url": "https://www.volusiaelections.gov/elections/election-results/2026-election-results/november-3-2026-general-election.stml", "poll_close_et": "19:00", "result_note": null, "notes": "Polls close 7 pm Eastern (Volusia is in the Eastern zone). The amendment is one of seven charter questions the council sent to the ballot Aug 3, 2026. Official ballot title and summary as published by Ballotpedia (fetched Oct 16, docs/source-docs/ballotpedia-edgewater.html); the Volusia County sample ballot itself has not been retrieved.", "adapters": "html_table,csv_generic", "source_status": "pattern" }, { "race_id": "ca-monterey-park", "state": "CA", "state_name": "California", "jurisdiction": "City of Monterey Park", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Los Angeles", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-06-02", "measure_label": "Measure NDC", "title": "Prohibit data centers citywide (General Plan amendment)", "measure_type": "general_plan_amendment", "binding": "binding", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Proposed ~250,000 sq ft, up-to-50 MW data center on a former mall site", "proponents": "Monterey Park City Council (Resolution 2026-R6, adopted 5-0 on March 4, 2026)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Amends the General Plan land-use element to prohibit data centers citywide; changeable only by a future public vote. Widely described as the first voter-approved permanent data center ban in the country.", "ballot_text": "Proposition to Prohibit Data Centers in Monterey Park. Shall the ordinance amending the City of Monterey Park General Plan to prohibit data centers citywide to protect air quality, drinking water resources and public health; prevent impacts to electricity and water rates; with the prohibition of data centers continuing until ended by voters, be adopted? YES / NO.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "decided", "lat": 34.0625, "lon": -118.1228, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/18727/2026-R6-Adding-Data-Center-Prohibition-6-2-2026", "ballotpedia_url": "https://ballotpedia.org/Monterey_Park,_California,_Prohibit_Data_Centers_Measure_(June_2026)", "news_url": "https://lapublicpress.org/2026/06/monterey-park-data-center-ban-elections-2026/", "results_page_url": "https://results.lavote.gov/", "poll_close_et": null, "result_note": "Passed 88.3% yes (10,321 to 1,362), certified LA County results as reported by secondary sources.", "notes": "Placed by the City Council under Elections Code section 9222 (Resolution 2026-R6, adopted 5-0 on March 4, 2026; docs/source-docs/monterey-park-2026-R6.pdf), captioned the Community Act Prohibiting Data Centers and consolidated with the June 2 primary. Exhibit A adds a citywide data center prohibition to the Land Use and Urban Design Element adopted by Measure JJ (2020).", "adapters": "", "source_status": "none" }, { "race_id": "wi-port-washington", "state": "WI", "state_name": "Wisconsin", "jurisdiction": "City of Port Washington", "jurisdiction_type": "city", "county": "Ozaukee", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-04-07", "measure_label": null, "title": "Voter approval required for large tax incremental districts", "measure_type": "direct_legislation", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Vantage Data Centers / OpenAI-Oracle Stargate campus and the $458M TID No. 5", "proponents": "Great Lakes Neighbors United", "opponents": "Metropolitan Milwaukee Association of Commerce and others (lawsuit pending)", "summary": "Bars the city from creating or approving a tax incremental district with a projected base value of $10 million or more, or project costs over $10 million, without voter approval. Prospective only; does not affect the Vantage campus already under construction.", "ballot_text": "Shall the City of Port Washington adopt the proposed ordinance, which, if adopted, would bar the City from creating or approving a Tax Incremental District that requires a large capital expenditure, or with a base value projected to or exceeding $10,000,000.00, or project costs exceeding $10,000,000.00 [...] (remainder, per coverage: unless approved by city electors at a referendum; verbatim excerpt per WTMJ's voter guide, cut off in the source)", "ballot_text_verbatim": "FALSE", "status": "decided", "lat": 43.3872, "lon": -87.8756, "ballot_text_url": null, "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.ozaukeepress.com/content/port-tif-referendum-approved-landslide", "results_page_url": "https://www.ozaukeecounty.gov/DocumentCenter/View/27127/April-7-2026---Municipality", "poll_close_et": null, "result_note": "Passed 66.4% yes (2,710 to 1,371), unofficial Ozaukee County count.", "notes": "Called the nation's first anti-data-center referendum. Lawsuit pending.", "adapters": "", "source_status": "none" }, { "race_id": "wi-wrightstown", "state": "WI", "state_name": "Wisconsin", "jurisdiction": "Village of Wrightstown", "jurisdiction_type": "village", "county": "Brown", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-08-11", "measure_label": null, "title": "Advisory: support utility infrastructure for a large data center?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure land scouting", "proponents": "Village Board (unanimous referral)", "opponents": "Residents (petition for moratorium)", "summary": "Non-binding question on whether the village should authorize, support, participate in or facilitate municipal utility infrastructure tied to a large-scale data center. Voters rejected it overwhelmingly; the village had already adopted a one-year moratorium.", "ballot_text": "Advisory question, beginning with Should, asking whether the Village should authorize, support, participate in or facilitate municipal utility infrastructure and related improvements tied to a large-scale data center development within or affecting the Village. (Paraphrase assembled from NBC26, Spectrum News and WBAY; no verbatim text surfaced.)", "ballot_text_verbatim": "FALSE", "status": "decided", "lat": 44.3261, "lon": -88.1762, "ballot_text_url": null, "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.wbay.com/2026/08/12/wrightstown-residents-vote-no-data-center-referendum/", "results_page_url": "https://www.browncountywi.gov/departments/county-clerk/elections/2026-election-results/", "poll_close_et": null, "result_note": "Failed: 87.2% no (1,033 to 151). A NO vote was the anti-data-center outcome.", "notes": null, "adapters": "", "source_status": "none" }, { "race_id": "mi-augusta-twp", "state": "MI", "state_name": "Michigan", "jurisdiction": "Augusta Charter Township", "jurisdiction_type": "township", "county": "Washtenaw", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-08-04", "measure_label": "General Industrial Zoning Ordinance Ballot Proposal", "title": "Referendum on rezoning 522 acres for a data center campus", "measure_type": "zoning_referendum", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Thor Equities (Form8tion) ~$1B data center campus", "proponents": "Protect Augusta Charter Township (PACT)", "opponents": "Township board majority", "summary": "Zoning referendum under the Michigan Zoning Enabling Act on Ordinance 2025-02, which rezoned seven parcels (522 acres) from agricultural residential to general industrial. A YES vote would have upheld the rezoning; voters repealed it by nearly nine to one.", "ballot_text": "General Industrial Zoning Ordinance Ballot Proposal. Shall the Charter Township of Augusta adopt Ordinance No. 2025-02 to amend the Zoning Ordinance and Map approving the properties known as Augusta Development Corp. (T-20-32-200-010, T-20-32-100-008, T-20-32-400-001, T-20-32-400-012, T-20-32-400-013, T-20-32-300-014, T-20-32-300-013) be rezoned from AR, Agricultural Residential to GI, General Industrial?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "decided", "lat": 42.16, "lon": -83.56, "ballot_text_url": "https://content.civicplus.com/api/assets/5d7184dc-ed7e-471a-ac78-3b86fcd9278c", "ballotpedia_url": "https://ballotpedia.org/Augusta_Township,_Michigan,_Rezone_Agricultural_Residential_to_General_Industrial_for_Data_Center_Initiative_(August_2026)", "news_url": "https://thesuntimesnews.com/weekly-data-center-watch-augusta-voters-overturn-data-center-rezoning/", "results_page_url": "https://electionresults.ewashtenaw.org/electionreporting/aug2026/canvassreport284.html", "poll_close_et": null, "result_note": "Rezoning repealed: 89.6% no (2,314 to 269), 2 of 2 precincts.", "notes": "Question verbatim from the Washtenaw County official list of proposals for Aug 4, 2026 (docs/source-docs/washtenaw-aug-2026-proposals.pdf).", "adapters": "", "source_status": "none" }, { "race_id": "ga-bulloch-gop", "state": "GA", "state_name": "Georgia", "jurisdiction": "Bulloch County (Republican primary)", "jurisdiction_type": "county", "county": "Bulloch", "level": "county", "scope": "party_advisory", "election_date": "2026-05-19", "measure_label": "Republican Question 9", "title": "Should elected officials allow data centers in Bulloch County?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Proposed data centers in Bulloch County", "proponents": "Bulloch County Republican Party", "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding party question on the Republican primary ballot.", "ballot_text": "Should elected officials allow the building of data centers in Bulloch County?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "decided", "lat": 32.39, "lon": -81.74, "ballot_text_url": "https://bullochcounty.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-MAY-19th-REP-AND-DEM-PARTY-QUESTIONS-AND-JUNE-INFO.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.thegeorgiavirtue.com/bulloch-local-government/bulloch-county-commission-votes-4-3-against-outright-data-center-ban/", "results_page_url": "https://results.sos.ga.gov/results/public/Georgia/elections/GeneralPrimary51926", "poll_close_et": null, "result_note": "About 76% of Republican primary voters voted no (per a county commissioner; official tally not retrieved).", "notes": null, "adapters": "", "source_status": "none" }, { "race_id": "ga-bulloch-dem", "state": "GA", "state_name": "Georgia", "jurisdiction": "Bulloch County (Democratic primary)", "jurisdiction_type": "county", "county": "Bulloch", "level": "county", "scope": "party_advisory", "election_date": "2026-05-19", "measure_label": "Democratic Question 3", "title": "Should data centers be built in Bulloch County?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": "Proposed data centers in Bulloch County", "proponents": "Bulloch County Democratic Party", "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding party question on the Democratic primary ballot.", "ballot_text": "Should data centers be built in Bulloch County?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "decided", "lat": 32.41, "lon": -81.72, "ballot_text_url": "https://bullochcounty.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-MAY-19th-REP-AND-DEM-PARTY-QUESTIONS-AND-JUNE-INFO.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.thegeorgiavirtue.com/bulloch-elections/bulloch-election-results-may-19-2026/", "results_page_url": "https://results.sos.ga.gov/results/public/Georgia/elections/GeneralPrimary51926", "poll_close_et": null, "result_note": "About 78% of Democratic primary voters voted no (per a county commissioner; official tally not retrieved).", "notes": null, "adapters": "", "source_status": "none" }, { "race_id": "ga-glynn-gop", "state": "GA", "state_name": "Georgia", "jurisdiction": "Glynn County (Republican primary)", "jurisdiction_type": "county", "county": "Glynn", "level": "county", "scope": "party_advisory", "election_date": "2026-05-19", "measure_label": null, "title": "Support data centers if they significantly lower property taxes?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": null, "proponents": "Glynn County Republican Party", "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding party question.", "ballot_text": "If bringing Data Centers to Glynn County would significantly lower your property taxes, would you be for data centers?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "decided", "lat": 31.22, "lon": -81.49, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.glynndems.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/May-19-2026-Countywide-Sample-All-Ballots.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/politics/elections/data-center-glynn-county-election-results-ballot-question/77-39fffb2a-7c32-4fdc-8015-f8ef409082cd", "results_page_url": "https://www.glynncounty.org/government/departments/elections-voter-registration/election-results", "poll_close_et": null, "result_note": "Result not yet retrieved (in the county's May 19 summary report).", "notes": null, "adapters": "", "source_status": "none" }, { "race_id": "ga-dekalb-dem", "state": "GA", "state_name": "Georgia", "jurisdiction": "DeKalb County (Democratic primary)", "jurisdiction_type": "county", "county": "DeKalb", "level": "county", "scope": "party_advisory", "election_date": "2026-05-19", "measure_label": null, "title": "Require hearings and environmental studies for data centers?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": null, "proponents": "DeKalb County Democratic Party", "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding party question.", "ballot_text": "Should DeKalb County require public hearings and strict environmental impact studies for all new potential data center developments?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "decided", "lat": 33.77, "lon": -84.23, "ballot_text_url": null, "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.wabe.org/what-are-the-georgia-ballot-questions-in-the-2026-primary-election/", "results_page_url": "https://results.sos.ga.gov/results/public/Georgia/elections/GeneralPrimary51926", "poll_close_et": null, "result_note": "Passed overwhelmingly: about 94% for (138,696 to 8,177) per the Wikipedia summary of the party advisory election; confirm against the SOS county drill-down.", "notes": null, "adapters": "", "source_status": "none" }, { "race_id": "ga-columbia-dem", "state": "GA", "state_name": "Georgia", "jurisdiction": "Columbia County (Democratic primary)", "jurisdiction_type": "county", "county": "Columbia", "level": "county", "scope": "party_advisory", "election_date": "2026-05-19", "measure_label": null, "title": "Require full disclosure before approving data centers?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": null, "proponents": "Columbia County Democratic Party", "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding party question.", "ballot_text": "Should Columbia County require full public disclosure of water use, power demand, tax incentives, and infrastructure impacts before approving any new data center development or large industrial development?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "decided", "lat": 33.55, "lon": -82.2, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.columbiacountyga.gov/DocumentCenter/View/9335/Democratic---May-19-2026-Composite-Ballot-1", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": null, "results_page_url": "https://results.sos.ga.gov/results/public/Georgia/elections/GeneralPrimary51926", "poll_close_et": null, "result_note": "Result not yet retrieved.", "notes": null, "adapters": "", "source_status": "none" }, { "race_id": "ga-glynn-dem", "state": "GA", "state_name": "Georgia", "jurisdiction": "Glynn County (Democratic primary)", "jurisdiction_type": "county", "county": "Glynn", "level": "county", "scope": "party_advisory", "election_date": "2026-05-19", "measure_label": "Democratic Question 3", "title": "Should electric bills rise to support data center power usage?", "measure_type": "advisory", "binding": "advisory", "origin": "council_referred", "yes_means": "allow", "threshold_mw": null, "target_project": null, "proponents": "Glynn County Democratic Party", "opponents": null, "summary": "Non-binding party question.", "ballot_text": "Should your electric bill be increased to support data center power usage?", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "decided", "lat": 31.2, "lon": -81.51, "ballot_text_url": "https://www.glynndems.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/May-19-2026-Countywide-Sample-All-Ballots.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/politics/elections/data-center-glynn-county-election-results-ballot-question/77-39fffb2a-7c32-4fdc-8015-f8ef409082cd", "results_page_url": "https://www.glynncounty.org/government/departments/elections-voter-registration/election-results", "poll_close_et": null, "result_note": "Result not yet retrieved (county official summary report).", "notes": null, "adapters": "", "source_status": "none" }, { "race_id": "oh-perry-village", "state": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "jurisdiction": "Village of Perry", "jurisdiction_type": "village", "county": "Lake", "level": "municipal", "scope": "direct", "election_date": "2026-11-03", "measure_label": "Issue 16", "title": "Bond and noise guarantee for hyperscale data centers seeking tax breaks", "measure_type": "initiated_ordinance", "binding": "binding", "origin": "citizen_petition", "yes_means": "restrict", "threshold_mw": 50, "target_project": "Province Group proposal (village declined its abatement/PILOT request in July)", "proponents": "Residents' petition (300 signatures submitted; 76 needed)", "opponents": null, "summary": "Citizen-initiated ordinance requiring any hyperscale data center developer (over 10,000 sq ft, over 5,000 servers, or over 50 MW) that seeks a tax abatement, PILOT or other special tax designation to first deposit a bond or escrow equal to at least the projected tax revenue over the project's 31-year life plus projected salaries for 200 full-time employees, with annual make-whole payments if projections fall short and assessments for environmental, standard-of-living or property-value effects. Also requires a noise guarantee of 50 dB by day and 45 dB overnight with council-set fines. Conditions the deal rather than banning the building.", "ballot_text": "Shall the ordinance amending Chapter 133.01 \"Established; Power & Duties\" of the codified ordinances of the Village of Perry be adopted? (Ohio Secretary of State listing; Lake County Issue 16.) Full text (initiative petition, Form 6-I): amends Codified Ordinances section 133.01(c)(23) so that before the Fiscal Officer signs any village agreement granting tax abatements, PILOT programs or any special tax designation to a hyperscale data center (one that exceeds 10,000 square feet, 5,000 servers or 50 megawatts), the developer must first deposit a Data Center Bond of no less than the projected tax revenues over the proposed 31-year life of the property plus the value of 200 full-time salaries projected across 31 years; annual shortfalls against employment or tax projections are paid to residents, the remaining principal is returned to the developer after 31 years, and any abatement applicant must guarantee a maximum of 50 dBA by day (6:30 am to 10:00 pm) and 45 dBA at night, with fines set by council.", "ballot_text_verbatim": "TRUE", "status": "on_ballot", "lat": 41.76, "lon": -81.143, "ballot_text_url": "https://wpassets.lakecountyohio.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2026/09/24161111/Perry-Village-web.pdf", "ballotpedia_url": null, "news_url": "https://hoodline.com/2026/10/perry-village-voters-face-issue-16-which-would-require-tax-incentive-seeking-data-center-developers-to-post-31-year-bonds/", "results_page_url": "https://www.lakecountyohio.gov/boe/election-results/", "poll_close_et": "19:30", "result_note": null, "notes": "Found Oct 15 as the jurisdiction missing from the earlier list; with Piqua (moved to Feb 2027) it reconciles Ballotpedia's 21 measures / 18 jurisdictions. Confirmed as Issue 16 on the Lake County certified issues list (docs/source-docs/lake-county-issues-11-3-26.pdf); full ordinance text fetched Oct 16 (docs/source-docs/perry-village-ordinance-full-text.pdf, scanned petition, OCR applied).", "adapters": "pdf", "source_status": "pattern" } ], "not_on_ballot": [ { "jurisdiction": "Piqua (city), Miami County", "state": "OH", "what": "Charter amendments banning data centers and crypto mining; referendum on the AES Ohio franchise ordinance tied to Meta's ~1,400 MW project", "status": "Moved to a Feb 2, 2027 special election by the commission on Oct 6, 2026 (recalls of three commissioners are on Nov 3). The Ohio SOS questions-and-issues file dated Sept 18 still lists a Piqua charter amendment (Article 138) for Nov 3; it predates the move.", "date": "2027-02-02", "link": "https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/piqua-voters-could-see-two-data-center-charter-amendments-on-november-ballot/article_53bbb626-cbfb-590e-bd09-a5c2760804bf.html" }, { "jurisdiction": "Sidney (city), Shelby County", "state": "OH", "what": "Data center zoning and livestreaming petitions", "status": "Rejected by the city; recall charter amendment set for a Feb 2, 2027 special election", "date": "2027-02-02", "link": "https://farmoffice.osu.edu/blog/thu-09242026-435pm/ohio-supreme-court-rules-three-data-center-petition-cases" }, { "jurisdiction": "Heath (city), Licking County", "state": "OH", "what": "23 MW data center ban petition", "status": "City rejected Nov 3 petitions; third petition likely heads to a 2027 special election", "date": "2027", "link": "https://www.thereportingproject.org/heath-rejects-petitions-to-put-a-data-center-ban-on-the-nov-3-ballot-advocates-say-the-city-is-making-a-mistake/" }, { "jurisdiction": "Johnstown (city), Licking County", "state": "OH", "what": "Large-scale data center ban petition", "status": "Sufficient signatures but likely missed the Sept 4 filing deadline", "date": "TBD", "link": "https://www.thereportingproject.org/petition-to-ban-large-scale-data-centers-in-johnstown-has-enough-signatures-for-referendum-but-it-might-not-make-the-nov-3-ballot/" }, { "jurisdiction": "Geauga County", "state": "OH", "what": "Countywide petition", "status": "Fell short of signatures", "date": "none", "link": "https://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/news/data-center-petition-falls-short-of-november-ballot/" }, { "jurisdiction": "Statewide", "state": "OH", "what": "Conserve Ohio amendment banning data centers of 25 MW or more", "status": "Missed the July 1 signature deadline; targeting Nov 2027", "date": "2027-11-02", "link": "https://ballotpedia.org/Ohio_Prohibition_of_Data_Center_Construction_Amendment_(2026)" }, { "jurisdiction": "Statewide", "state": "MA", "what": "Indirect initiative requiring local two-thirds voter approval and other conditions for data center permits", "status": "Filed for the Nov 2028 ballot; needs AG certification and 74,574 signatures", "date": "2028-11-07", "link": "https://news.ballotpedia.org/2026/08/14/proposed-massachusetts-initiative-would-be-the-nations-second-statewide-ballot-measure-on-data-center-policy/" }, { "jurisdiction": "Frederick County", "state": "MD", "what": "Referendum on the county's ~2,600-acre data center overlay zone near Adamstown", "status": "Blocked: Maryland Supreme Court held zoning ordinances are not subject to referendum (order June 30, 2026)", "date": "none", "link": "https://www.wypr.org/wypr-news/2026-06-30/maryland-supreme-court-shuts-down-frederick-county-data-center-referendum" }, { "jurisdiction": "Weld County", "state": "CO", "what": "Referendum on the Global AI data center approval and an initiative requiring voter approval of data centers (group POWER)", "status": "Signatures submitted Oct 2026; if certified, charter requires a special election within 60 days", "date": "TBD", "link": "https://www.cpr.org/2026/10/15/weld-county-data-center-opposition-petition/" }, { "jurisdiction": "La Pine (city), Deschutes County", "state": "OR", "what": "Data center noise, lighting and reporting standards initiative", "status": "Reported to have missed the signature filing deadline", "date": "none", "link": "https://bendbulletin.com/2026/08/14/ranked-choice-voting-petition-wont-make-november-ballot/" }, { "jurisdiction": "Independence (city), Jackson County", "state": "MO", "what": "Referendum on data center tax breaks", "status": "Blocked by a Jackson County judge (Mar 25, 2026); a council member was later recalled", "date": "none", "link": "https://ballotpedia.org/Data_center-related_ballot_measures,_2026" } ] }